Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men and how does this benefit increase in the past? We only have partial evidence and زيوت تطويل الشعر (visit Detik) the evidence is not strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know what the contribution of each factor is.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that at a minimum, the reason why women live so much longer than men today however not as previously, has to be due to the fact that certain important non-biological aspects have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men

The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line ; which means that in every country baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart illustrates that, although there is a women’s advantage everywhere, cross-country differences can be substantial. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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In countries with high incomes, the women’s advantage in longevity was previously smaller.

Let’s examine how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women’s life expectancies when they were born in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy used to be tiny It has significantly increased with time.

When you click on the option «Change country by country’ in the chart, you can confirm that the two points are also applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.