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Advanced Road Design Crack

the pavement crack detection and characterization system (pcd&c) is a mobile based approach that is designed to provide the transportation engineer with a means of inspection and characterization of the structural integrity of a pavement. a high-speed vehicle equipped with a video camera and a laser scanner is used to acquire the pavement crack data, which are then processed in the laboratory using a commercial software package. the crack data are processed and stored in the field in a database, and can be used as input for subsequent pavement inspection and characterization. the system was initially evaluated by applying it to pavement crack detection. crack data were collected from two different pavement surfaces: asphalt concrete and blacktop. the crack data were collected from a set of eight test lanes (four asphalt concrete and four blacktop) using a high-speed mobile vehicle equipped with a video camera. the crack data were collected at a rate of 24 hz over a distance of about 75 ft. the video data were sent to a computer, where the crack data were extracted, stored, and labeled. a crack characterization process was developed that classified the cracks as either transverse or longitudinal, and also characterized the crack on the basis of type. this process was composed of a crack segmentation algorithm, a crack clustering algorithm, and a crack classification algorithm.

this study examines the development of a laser scanner in the field of highway design. the proposed system consists of an asynchronous imaging system equipped with a digital camera and a laser scanner. the images are acquired synchronously with the laser scanning. the laser scanner has a 20-mm range and an accuracy of approximately 2 mm for a distance of 50 m. the system is capable of acquiring an image every 50 ms. the distance between each laser point and the point where the camera is located is approximately 15.4 mm, and the field of view is approximately 100 degrees. the scanner has a laser of 785 nm and a peak power of 10 mw. the camera has a resolution of 1280×960 pixels and a frame rate of 6.7 hz. the camera is calibrated with the laser scanner using a standard checkerboard. the system can be deployed as a handheld system or mounted on a vehicle. it is also possible to use other sensors, such as a gps and a gis, to complement the data collected with the system. the system can be used to obtain data for cad-based designs, design modifications, and accident analyses. the system can also be used to create 3d models and highway inspections.

the recent publications [ 5 7 ] assumed that the crack pixels are generally darker than their surroundings and then used the threshold method to extract the crack area. these methods lack the description of global information and are sensitive to noise. to improve the continuity of crack detection, researchers have attempted to detect cracks by introducing minimal path selection (mps) [ 8 10 ], minimal spanning trees (msts) [ 11 13 ], and crack fundamental elements (cfes) [ 14 ]. these methods can partially eliminate noise and improve crack detection continuity. however, only the low-level features can be roughly obtained, some complex high-level crack features may not be presented, and utilized correctly. a randomly structured forest-based method is presented in [ 15 ] to detect cracks automatically. this method can effectively suppress noise by manually selecting crack features and learning internal structures. although it improves the recognition speed and accuracy but does not perform well when dealing with complex pavement crack situations. therefore, traditional machine learning methods simulate cracks by manually setting color or texture features. in these methods, the features cover only some specific real-world situations. the set of crack features is simplified and idealized, which cannot achieve the robust detection requirements for pavement diseases.
the need to consider sustainability in a design dictates that materials should be recycled and reused whenever possible. the minnesota department of transportation (mndot) is quite progressive in allowing the use of recycled aggregates in new construction. while the use of recycled concrete aggregate (rca) in the base course of new pavements is quite common in minnesota and many other states, it is rarely used in the concrete pavement itself. in fact, minnesota was one of the few states to build multiple trial projects and has one of the largest numbers of concrete pavements constructed using the rca in the concrete itself. the performance of those pavements, most of which are still in service, has never been formally evaluated against similar conventional concrete pavements. this prompted the current research study. additional objectives were to assess the current state of practice across the nation, conduct experimental investigations using rca in concrete, assess the sustainability and in particular the economics of using rca in concrete, and finally to provide some recommendations for guidelines on using rca in concrete. it has been shown by the authors and other researchers that it is possible to create strong and durable concrete mixtures using rca as coarse aggregate in volume replacement levels of natural coarse aggregate up to 100%.
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