Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور (click this link now) and why does this benefit increase over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn’t strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; but we don’t know exactly what the contribution of each of these factors is.

In spite of how much weight, we know that at least part of the reason women live so much longer than men in the present but not in the past, is to have to do with the fact that certain important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men

The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that, while the advantage for women exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have a longer life span than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half an hour.

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In countries with high incomes, the advantage of women in longevity used to be smaller

Let’s examine the way that female advantages in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares the male and female lifespans when they were born in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the female advantage in terms of life expectancy was extremely small, it has increased substantially in the past.

If you select the option «Change country from the chart, verify that these two points apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.